Essay on Information Literacy and the Public Library

The American Association for School Libraries defines information literacy as the ability to use many types of reference resources and literacies to find information. The different types of reference resources and literacies include: digital, visual, textual, and technological literacies. The American Association for School Libraries has four main learning standards. The first covers inquiry, thinking critically, and gaining knowledge. The second standard includes drawing conclusions, making informal decisions, applying knowledge to new situations, and creating new knowledge. The third standard asks students to be able to share knowledge and participate ethically. It also requires them to be productive as members of our democratic society.†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"There is evidence of a wide range of information literacy focused programs in public libraries worldwide† (Harding, p. 157). Indeed, libraries across the United States are finding ways to provide their com munities with the necessary information literacy programs. Harding (2008) points out that these library programs are â€Å"providing information literacy support†, and â€Å"they have the opportunity to foster the lifelong learning of their communities† (p. 157). The public library has great strengths when it comes to providing information literacy programming. Public libraries have been considered the place to go for continuing education for an extremely long time. Public libraries reach a large range of people on a daily basis. Harding (2008) points out that the library â€Å"has a wide diversity of clientele and the potential to reach all sections of the community from children to older adults, and across minority groups and educational and professional levels.† (p. 159) For many children, a public library is their first experience with learning in a group environment. Oftentimes, community members are loyal to one library and this allows librarians to foster long lasting relationships with them. Harding (2008) also suggests that â€Å"public libraries have the opportunity to provide one on one instruction during client-librarian interactions such as reference interviews† (p. 160).This one on one instruction is another wayShow MoreRelatedInformation Literacy Influence, Scholarship, Practice, and Leadership1068 Words   |  5 PagesInformation Literacy Influence, Scholarship, Practice, and Leadership The mastery of literacy is a fundamental aspect used by scholars in advance studies research and development where leaders gains essential data that is crucial in their decision-making activity. The integration of information literacy into the academic learning is critical to capitalize the characterization of leaders’ ability and credibility within the leadership arena. 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This system allows these organizations such as the National Libraries, the Library of Congress, the National Library of Medicine and the National Agricultural library to communicate online. The systems are designed to fit individual library needs. The online communication systems provideRead MoreAn Analysis Of Emily Hoerner s Novel Ide Fostering Literacy By Eliminating Book Deserts1596 Words   |  7 Pagesher 2015 article â€Å"A Novel Idea: Fostering Literacy by Eliminating Book Deserts† as an area â€Å"where children and parents lack access to quality books.† Literary deserts occur due to lack of reading materials and because of a growing loss of interest in reading. Literary deserts are prevalent in low-income and urban neighborhoods where both children and adults have little to no access to quality reading material. The Merri am-Webster Dictionary defines literacy as â€Å"the quality or state of being literate†Read MoreTitle II Request For Funding1322 Words   |  6 Pagescreating. Describe the program/initiative. Aligning Research with Literacy Initiatives While Advocating for the Role of Media Coordinator According to CMS Superintendent Ann Clark regarding literacy as our North Star, it â€Å"is the most important skill we teach. Literacy is the foundation for academic success from pre-kindergarten through high school.† Literacy is key to achieving academic success and the responsibility of literacy encompasses every educator and discipline. Many media coordinatorsRead MoreSchools Need 21st Century Materials And Resources854 Words   |  4 Pagesin ideology regarding the function of the library in todays society. â€Å"For centuries, libraries have remained essentially separate, even competing with one another to establish and maintain the greatest collection, and now they need to recast themselves as platforms rather than storehouses. (Palfrey, 2015) With the introduction of the internet and online information libraries need to rebrand themselves. Libraries around the world can now share information with one another in real time, and the competitionRead MoreLiteracy Is The M ost Important Skill We Teach1286 Words   |  6 PagesSuperintendent Ann Clark regarding literacy as our North Star, it â€Å"is the most important skill we teach. Literacy is the foundation for academic success from pre-kindergarten through high school.† Literacy is key to achieving academic success and the responsibility of literacy encompasses every educator and discipline. Many media coordinators have been trained in Common Core State Standards (CCSS) and district adopted reading initiatives, such as Balanced Literacy and Reading Apprenticeship. However

Family Planning Methods Free Essays

TOPIC: COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE ACCEPTANCE OF MODERN FAMILY PLANNING AMONG HAUSA, YORUBA, AND IGBO IN AGEGE COMMUNITY, LAGOS STATE. ABSTRACT The study will be carry out to get a comparative study on the acceptance of modern family planning among Hausa, Yoruba, and Igbo’s in Agege community, lagos. 150 respondents will be needed for the study, 50 respondents from each settlement. We will write a custom essay sample on Family Planning Methods or any similar topic only for you Order Now The target group for this research will be women of child bearing age. Data will be collated, analyse, by using descriptive statistics and Chi square to test for the hypotheses CHAPTER ONE 1. 0 INTRODUCTION 1. 1BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Right from creation, multiplication of man had been as a result of reproduction. However giving birth to young ones is the term associated to this and this is for posterity being the desire of everyone. Through scientific reproductive research over the years, man has evolved knowledge of putting consideration and calculation to population by means of family planning because if this is not in place, man may end up in killing and eating each other as a result of over population in the absence of sufficient resources. Family planning is the process of having children by choice and not by chance that is determining when to have children and the use of birth control and other techniques to implement such plans. Other stechniques commonly used include sexual education, prevention and management of sexually transmitted infections, preconception, counselling and management. (Etuk S. K and EKanem D. , 2003). Family planning sometimes used as a synonym for the use of birth control, most usually applied to a female-male couple who wish to limit the number of children they have and or to control the timing of pregnancy. Family planning services are defined as educational, comprehensive medical or social activities which enable individuals, including minors to determine freely the number, spacing of their children and to select the means by which this may be achieved (Royce R. A, 2006) There is no doubting the fact that in today’s reality, raising quality children requires significant amount of resources: time, social, financial and environmental planning can help assure that resources are available else, it would be another potential additional threat to the parent and society at large. This is the essence of family planning (Paine et al, 2001) Experts have always insisted that waiting until the mother is at least 18years old before trying to have children improves maternal and child health. Also, if additional children are desired after a child is born; it is healthier for the mother and the child to wait at least 2years after the previous birth before attempting to conceive (but not more than 5years). After a miscarriage or abortion, it is healthier to wait for at least 6 months (Delano G. 1990). Osakue S. O (2010) highlighted that Nigeria being the most populous country in Africa with more than 140 million people also has a high annual rate of population growth (3. 5%) And a high total fertility rate of 6. 0 live births per women. Additionally, the country has relatively high levels of infant mortality of 104 infant deaths per 1,000 live births. How to cite Family Planning Methods, Essays

Ferdinand Tonnies wrote in Community and Association (1887) Essay Example For Students

Ferdinand Tonnies wrote in Community and Association (1887) Essay Ferdinand Tonnies wrote in Community and Association (1887) (translation p. 56) that Just as language cannot be made by agreement real concord cannot be artificially produced How far, if at all, does this statement provide a clue to solving the puzzle of why so many attempts to create communes in modern societies have proved to be unsuccessful? Why have some succeeded? When Tonnies wrote about concord, he was talking in terms of Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft bonds. Gemeinschaft bonds are the bonds that community is associated with. Gemeinschaft bonds are a mode of mentality and behaviour. The word Gemeinschaft means literally Great similarity representing the type of relationship that Gemeinschaft represents. These bonds manifested themselves in the form of kinship, blood relationships, intellectual ties, friendship and neighbourhood1. Life in a Gemeinschaft bond is intimate, private and involves living together. Tonnies himself said, Gemeinschaft represents the truly human supreme form of community2. It is a domestic kind of bond, and the strongest ties are found between mother and child, husband and wife and brother and sister. In a traditional society, Gemeinschaft bonds were the main forces that bound people together. The bonds took the form of social cohesion, the sense of being in a distinct group, sustained ties with the place the group live in and generations. The church and family would regulate the culturally homogenous behaviour. Today communities as evident in pre-industrial life are basically obsolete. Tonnies used the term Gemeinschaft to describe this type of social bond, which can also mean community and Gesellschaft to mean association. In a modern society there is a diverse work force, lack of moral regulation, impersonal relationships, multiculturalism, dysfunctional families, privatised companies only available to a minority of the population etc. Society is based on meritocracy (although the extent of this may be challenged) and this can be held partly responsible for the decline in Gemeinschaft bonds because is has encouraged individualism creating conflicting identities within a society. It appears that Gemeinschaft bonds are almost on the verge of disappearing. The family no longer has a pivotal role in society as it used to, which was the origin of the Gemeinschaft bonds in the first place. It could perhaps be said that the kind of love that is in the world today is not the kind of love that was evident in a traditional, Gemeinschaft society. Gemeinschaft bonds demand an intimate knowledge of one another, understanding, a mixture of blood and proximity and unity. Today in society it is rare to find a family living under one roof. People are not as close with one another as they used to be, and with the lack of Gemeinschaft bonds in todays society, does that mean that the kind of love we experience today is not real love? Maybe people today do not experience the intensity of the supreme form of love, the love, which epitomises a Gemeinschaft society. This can be partly explained by Durkheims theory of Anomie. Individualism, which began in the 19th century, has been the demise of Gemeinschaft bonds. Individualism encourages a lesser sense of belonging or group identity. If Gemeinschaft bonds were stronger today, maybe people would respect society more and everyone in it. This would reduce the amount of antisocial behaviour since feelings of dissatisfaction and frustration would not be so powerful and so on3. Instead, there is a lack of moral regulation possibly due to the decline of the church and the family. The collective conscience is weaker and anomie ensues. Durkheim thought that finding an identity from ones occupation could overcome anomie and its moral implications because it would encourage social cohesion, and therefore Gemeinschaft bonds. This would also decrease individualism and control greed, thus rediscovering a shared identity.

The Problem of Work

Introduction Compared to other developed countries, the United States of America has the highest number of people experiencing the problem of work-family conflict. This problem is brought about by many factors, but it is majorly caused by the long hours that most people spend working in order to cater for all their needs. The middle class income earners are the ones who are mostly affected as they have to work for extra hours or do two or more jobs in order to live a decent life.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The Problem of Work-Family Imbalance in Society specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is ironical that Americans experience more work-family related conflicts compared to Japan where people are known to die due to overwork. This problem is worsened by lack of enough laws to protect the rights of those who are working and at the same time have families. An example is the lack of paid leave which make many pe ople to opt not to have the leave and end up overworking themselves. This paper will tackle the problem of work-family imbalance using a case study and suggest the possible solutions to the problem. Formulation of the problem In the given scenario, Chris is faced by several problems that he needs to address before things get out of hand. Being a young man, he has the challenge of bringing up his son alone and catering for all his needs, i.e., financial and the parental role of being with the child and teaching the other life lessons that can only be taught by parents. Since the son is still young, Chris has to work hard to continue providing for his needs until he is able to fend for himself. Although his relatives help him take care of the son, he can not rely entirely on them because their help is occasional and he needs to have a long term solution to the problem. The mother of the son lives away from them the son visits her over the weekends. The absence of the mother in the fam ily probably contributes to the work-family imbalance problem that Chris is facing in raising his son. The greatest problem that he is facing is how to balance his job and the family which constitutes of his son. At the online food retailer where Chris is employed, the working hours are not very regular. As a result of this, Chris is forced to adjust in order to conform to the employer’s demands. Normally, he is supposed to work for an average of eight hours, i.e., from 9a.m to 5p.m but at times, he has to work until late in the night because this is when the shop gets many customers. This is an advantage to the employer because it is the peak time of the business. At the work place, Chris has to work cautiously and do his best in order to offer quality services and pass the three tests that ‘ODACO’ uses to measure ‘performance beyond expectation’ which would earn him some extra money and a good reputation too with the employer. Meeting the set targe ts in his place of work not only earns him extra money which can be used to cater for any extra needs of the son that may arise from time to time but also causes him to have a feeling of satisfaction.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For a period of time, Chris is able to manage this kind of lifestyle and everything seems to be working out in his favor but after some time, things start to change for worse. Chris has to look for a way to balance his life because neither his family nor his job is doing well. His constant worry about his son when at work and his work when with the son is a problem that needs immediate attention because everyone around him is worried that he may not be able to perform his duties at home or at work effectively. His lack of sleep and constant worry about his ineffectiveness at work and also at home may affect his health if not addressed immediatel y. The meeting that Chris initiates with his manager after receiving a text message that he is not performing his assigned duties effectively is expected to help him come up with a solution to this problem. Chris is not the only one who is undergoing such work-family imbalance problems. Williams Boushey (p 1) estimate that ‘around 90 percent of American mothers and 95 percent of American fathers report work-family conflict’. Work-family imbalance is a major challenge for many working people. Most middle income earners have to spend a lot of their time working in order to earn enough to support their families. This causes conflict between the family and one’s job. The main challenge is how to be effective in both because most of the people end up failing as much as they try to. This in turn results to frustration. Families with single parents like Chris’ family are the ones that suffer most although even those with both parents are affected. In such famili es, the husband may opt to work during the day and the wife at night in order to raise more money. This causes disintegration within the family and there is hardly enough time for the family to spend together. It is therefore important for a lasting solution to be sought in order to reduce occurrence of such cases. Strategies to reduce work-family conflict and to increase work-family facilitation The employer should be flexible The problem of work-family conflict is a rampant one that needs serious measures to be put in place to help alleviate it. Several steps can be taken to mitigate the situation. The family-work imbalance that Chris is facing is not just a personal problem as it has been thought by some in the past. Most working parents have young children who need their attention and yet they have to offer quality services in their work place which puts them in the same position as Chris is in. Consolidated efforts by the policy makers, the employers and the employees are neede d in order to curb the problem.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The Problem of Work-Family Imbalance in Society specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More One of the things that can be helpful to Chris is assistance from his employer who already understands his problem because Chris chooses to initiate a meeting and inform him. If only the employer would agree to be more flexible and give Chris time to cope with some of the issues that crop up from time to time, may be some of the problems that Chris is facing would be solved. The employer should be willing to allow him to some of the genuine needs that require his attention without Chris feeling like he is doing something wrong and therefore his reputation may not be good and consequently, he may end up losing his bonuses. In a family set-up, the employers should understand that there are needs which are very legitimate and especially for the middle class, where Chris s eems to belong. Being a single parent, he is faced with the challenge of single-handedly providing for his son who is still young and he is also accountable to his employer who expects him to deliver quality services. This kind of help from the employer would really help in reducing the increasing levels of anxiety and other negative emotions arising from the dilemma he is facing. This also applies to all other workers who are constantly faced with emergencies which require their immediate attention but lack support from their employers. Flexibility at the places of work should be embraced by all employers in order to allow their employees to attend to legitimate needs. Paid sick-off and leave Apart prom the un-foreseen issues that arise in the course of work that call for flexibility by the employers, workers also need to be guaranteed of being away from work for a certain duration of time but still be protected and receive their pay. If this is available in the life of Chris, prob ably things will change and he will be able to meet all his responsibilities without being worried of failure. Time off should be part of the employees’ benefits so that they can have time to be with their children and also accomplish other family responsibilities like caring for their elderly or sick relatives. Employees also need time to care for a new born child who needs full time attention of their parents. Regardless of the social class that one belongs to, it is important to get time off work during which one will receive payment. This is important because workers have not been having this privilege and have ended up overworking themselves in order to cater for their needs. Although The Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993 gives the workers the right to some weeks off their jobs, very few people utilize it because of the need to continue working to earn enough money to cater for their needs.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The trend is similar across all social classes; although the middle and low classes are bear the greatest burden (Voydanoff, 2007). Fathers have been adversely affected because of the stigma associated with fathers taking leaves to take care of family needs like the young children as this has been seen as the role of the mothers. In the absence of the mother in the family, like Chris’ case, the father suffers most because he has no one to share the responsibility of bringing up his son with. Policies to protect workers from such laws which do not provide for paid leaves for workers should be formulated and enacted in order to ensure that workers get paid leaves and also sick-offs. If this is done, a significant amount of work related stress, which is brought about by overworking would be reduced which in turn would lead to reduced work-family conflict. If this is implemented also, workers will be aware that they can have some time away from their job to concentrate on other p ersonal issues without having to worry about where they will get their income during that period. Paid leave can be used as a time for one to be with the family and therefore this can make up for the time that one was not able to dedicate a lot of their time to the family. Formulation of policies that favor workers The existing law by The Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993 which provides for unpaid leave is outdated in the modern day family setting. This is because it seems not to cater for the single parents who would suffer in case they took an unpaid leave. At the time of its formulation, the law seemed to target the married people whereby the woman, who in most cases was earning lesser than her husband would take the unpaid leave while the husband continued working hence there was no much loss incurred by that kind of arrangement. According to Stebbins, (2001), with the increase in the demand for a better and decent life, which is not easily affordable, more and more people, i ncluding the women, are opting to forego the leave and concentrate on the job at the expense of the family. This has led to increased number of work-family related conflict. Chris is an example of how this arrangement has affected many single parents and hence the need for the policymakers to speed up reforms in the area of paid leave to reduce occurrence of such cases. Paid sick leave should also be accessible to every with no exclusion as is the case currently. People working in organizations with less the fifteen people are not entitled to the seven days sick off annually. It would also be helpful to the workers if they could get more benefits when working on a part time basis just as the full time workers get because this would reduce the number of people targeting the full time job market due of the benefits it attracts compared to the part time. Address discrimination at work Discrimination in the area of family responsibility has also been a challenge which needs to be addres sed to reduce cases of work-family conflict. Women who opt to take time off and care for their young children, low income workers and also fathers who shoulder the responsibility of caring for their children are some of the people that face this kind of discrimination. In Chris’ case, he could be suffering from the work-family conflict because of fear of such discrimination. Fellow employees should offer support to their colleagues who have responsibilities like Chris’ without making him feel as if they are discriminating him. There should be tolerance among the employees so that everyone can have a sense of belonging without feeling as if the rest are discriminating against them (Shelton, 2006). Affordable childcare institutions Chris can also try to bring in someone to take care of the son. This could be one of the relatives who he is comfortable with. This is because there are some of the relatives who one may be uncomfortable leaving their children under. This may include a sexually abusive or a negligent relative. According to Kelly (2011), this would help reduce the stress arising from the family and be able to concentrate more on the work without worrying about his son. In absence of this, he should consider putting his son under affordable childcare institutions. The government should help in setting up affordable institutions where children can be left during the day as their parents continue working. The government has been lax in looking into the matter of affordable childcare institutions and in the case of the existing ones; the employees there are poorly paid. This leads to poor services and in some instances very unaffordable charges in good institutions. Conclusion Chris’ case is representation of the problem that majority of the people are facing. The policymakers need to take seriously how life is like for a typical citizen and come up with measures to alleviate the problem. This would show the people that the government is concerned with the welfare and the needs of her citizens’ contrary to the belief held by many, that the government is uncaring and not concerned with the everyday struggles of its citizens. Work-family conflict cause a lot of emotional instability both at home and in the place of work leading to low output and dissatisfaction which is a key reason why it needs immediate attention. Reference List Kelly, E. L., 2011. Changing Workplaces to Reduce Work-Family Conflict. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Shelton, L. M., 2006. Female Entrepreneurs, Work–Family Conflict, and Venture Performance: New Insights into the Work–Family Interface. Journal of Small Business Management, 2006: 44(2), pp. 285–297 Stebbins, L. F., 2001. Work and family in America: a reference handbook. US: ABC-CLIO. Voydanoff, P., 2007. Work, family, and community: exploring interconnections. London: Routledge. Williams, J Boushey, H., 2011. The Three Faces of Work-Family Conflict: Th e  Poor, the Professionals, and the Missing Middle. California: University of California. Web. 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The Originality Of Your Mind †English Essay

The Originality Of Your Mind – English Essay Free Online Research Papers The Originality Of Your Mind English Essay â€Å"Nothing is at last sacred but the integrity of your own mind,† claimed Ralph Waldo Emerson. Through this aphorism, he depicts that individuality and creativity is sacred when it comes from your own mind. It is true, when a person is able to think of a great idea one cherishes it as their own because for one, it is great, and secondly, it is their own thoughts and productive planning, thus it is appreciated on an entirely different level. As a proud architect looks at their masterpiece after it has been constructed, or a great literary composer sees their publications read world wide, one central idea in their mind is, â€Å"This came from my mind –not anyone else, it is of my own.† Originality is one of the most precious gifts people have. People can create an entirely different world in their mind if they want, and then share it to the world through a composing a novel or a unique piece of art. The human mind can be a gateway to uncharted lands or the oppressor withstanding you to conquer new levels of thinking. Many often fear to voice their ideas out to the public in fear of harsh criticism or simply they doubt the quality of the idea itself. Anyhow, people who often hesitate to state their ideas miss out on a great opportunity to be creative and open with ideas and are depriving themselves of a chance to express their thoughts and ideas. Nothing, no one idea, is worth as much to you if you have the certainty that it come from your own mind. The integrity of your own ideas, that are mistrusted even in your own mind are sacred. No one can take away the originality of your ideas, because they are solely yours. Since they came from your mind, and unattainable by anyone else, it is worth more than anything. My mind is constantly thinking of ideas and new spins I can take on things. Many times in certain classes a teacher will ask a question and I will have a somewhat answer that I doubt to say in fear of what my teacher and peers will think of me. However, it is completely unsatisfying to hear your idea voiced through someone else’s mouth when you were thinking of it first. On the other hand, it is completely gratifying to be able to state your ideas and in addition feel confident in what you are stating. It is even more rewarding to oneself when an idea you voiced is taken well by people. It is a feeling of satisfaction that no one can take from you to be able to state something you firmly believe in and know it is of your own and no one can take it from you. I enjoy creating things and adding my own touch in everything I do. I take pleasure in simple things such as creating the background of my journal website or changing the colors and fonts. Although it may be something small and insignificant to others it’s nice to know you have something of your own that you made and created. I like that in my ceramics class, I can be as creative as I want with designing my own piece of art and being able to express originality in how I do things and then come home with a finished result. However, what I take most pride in when it comes to my own ideas being sacred is the center spread of the school newspaper. I seriously spend so much time making the layout as perfect as possible because it’s the only section of the newspaper that can look entirely different from the rest. I can make cut outs of the pictures, play with fonts and create a new feel. Although I am still learning and have much to learn I love that each time it improves an d I can have the power to create something that everyone looks at. The feeling, â€Å"Wow, I made that† is just a feeling unlike no other because I know it came from me. The integrity of your own mind varies from what you think you can do at what you can actually achieve. The key is to trust your mind and originality and then one can achieve greatness like no other. It may not necessarily be fame, but simply self-satisfaction in yourself, in your ideas and be able to surpass repressed feelings of doubt and flourish creative ideals that no person can take from you. It has been difficult to be able to speak up at times because I can be quite timid in general and especially shy around those I am not comfortable around. However, once I got passed that I was able to see that, one can never go wrong saying what is on their mind. Sure it can be wrong, and many are going to be wrong many times. However, greatness is not achieved with self-doubt and shyness. One has to be confident in themselves to make a difference. What would have been if Martin Luther King Jr. had said, â€Å"I have a dream, but I don’t feel like talking about it because I’ m scared of how you will take it†? At a time where equality was a dream, his personal ideas from his mind is what made a difference in the world; And no matter how many times he was arrested or mocked, no one could take his ideas from his mind away from him. Everything in your mind is sacred because it comes from within you, and you are able to appreciate it on a different level. Research Papers on The Originality Of Your Mind - English EssayMind TravelStandardized TestingThe Hockey GameLifes What IfsThe Spring and AutumnComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoHip-Hop is ArtMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductThree Concepts of PsychodynamicCapital Punishment

Use of Thematic Maps in Geography

Use of Thematic Maps in Geography A thematic map emphasizes a theme or topic, such as the average distribution of rainfall in an area. Theyre different from general reference maps because they dont just show natural and manmade features such as rivers, cities, political subdivisions, and highways. If these items appear on a thematic map, theyre reference points to enhance ones understanding of the maps theme and purpose. Normally, thematic maps use coastlines, city locations, and political boundaries as their basis. The maps theme is then layered onto this base map via different mapping programs and technologies such as geographic information systems (GIS). History Thematic maps didnt develop until the mid-17th century, because accurate base maps didnt exist before then. Once maps became accurate enough to correctly display coastlines, cities, and other boundaries, the first thematic maps were created. In 1686, for example, English astronomer Edmond Halley developed a star chart and published the first meteorological chart using base maps as his reference in an article he wrote about trade winds. In 1701, Halley published the first chart to show lines of magnetic variation,  a thematic map that later became useful in navigation. Halleys maps were largely used for navigation and study of the physical environment. In 1854, London doctor John Snow created the first thematic map used for problem analysis when he mapped choleras spread throughout the city. He began with a base map of Londons neighborhoods that included streets and water pump locations. He then mapped locations where people had died from cholera on that base map and found that the deaths clustered around one pump. He determined that the water coming from the pump was the cause of cholera. The first map of Paris showing population density was developed by Louis-Leger Vauthier, a French engineer. It used isolines (lines connecting points of equal value) to show population distribution throughout the city. He is believed to have been the first to use isolines to display a theme that didnt have to do with physical geography. Audiences and Sources The most significant factor to consider when designing thematic maps is the maps audience, which helps determine what items should be included on the map as reference points in addition to the theme. A map being made for a political scientist, for example, would need to show political boundaries, whereas one for a biologist might need contours showing elevation. The sources of thematic maps data are also important. Cartographers must find accurate, recent, reliable sources of information on a wide range of subjects, from environmental features to demographic data, to make the best possible maps. Once accurate data is found, there are various ways to use that data that must be considered with the maps theme. Univariate mapping deals with only one type of data and looks at the occurrence of one type of event. This process would be good for mapping a locations rainfall. Bivariate data mapping shows the distribution of two data sets and models their correlations, such as rainfall amounts relative to elevation. Multivariate data mapping, which uses two or more data sets, could look at rainfall, elevation, and the amount of vegetation relative to both, for example. Types of Thematic Maps Although cartographers can use data sets in different ways to create thematic maps, five thematic mapping techniques are used most often: The most common is the choropleth map, which portrays quantitative data as a color and can show density, percent, average value, or quantity of an event within a geographic area. Sequential colors represent increasing or decreasing positive or negative data values. Normally, each color also represents a range of values.Proportional or graduated symbols are used in another type of map to represent data associated with locations, such as cities. Data is displayed on these maps with proportionally sized symbols to show differences in occurrences. Circles are most often used, but squares and other geometric shapes are also suitable. The most common way to size these symbols is to make their areas proportional to the values to be depicted using mapping or drawing software.Another thematic map, the isarithmic or contour map, uses isolines to depict continuous values such as precipitation levels. These maps also can display three-dimensional values, such as elevation, on topographic maps. G enerally, data for isarithmic maps is gathered via measurable points (e.g. weather stations) or is collected by area (e.g. tons of corn per acre by county). Isarithmic maps also follow the basic rule that there are high and low sides in relation to the isoline. For example, in elevation, if the isoline is 500 feet, then one side must be higher than 500 feet and one side must be lower. A dot map, another type of thematic map, uses dots to show the presence of a theme and display a spatial pattern. A dot can represent one unit or several, depending on what is being depicted.Finally, dasymetric mapping is a complex variation on the choropleth map that uses statistics and additional information to combine areas with similar values instead of using the administrative boundaries common in a simple choropleth map.

Meat Production Business in Ukraine Research Paper

Meat Production Business in Ukraine - Research Paper Example This paper considers Ukrainian meat market. It outlines such aspects as poultry, pork, beef, etc. In case of threats of new entrance, it can be asserted that the meat processing industry has faced a very few challenges from the relative nations and other industry. This research study seems to be analytical in nature since its objective lay in investigating the loopholes prevailing in the meat sector in Ukrainian market and recommending measures that will address the same. A research philosophy refers to the preferred approach, which applied by the researcher in search of knowledge, establishing the nature of the problem and its context. Here, the existence of the problem, knowledge, values and reason has been clearly delineated (Beck, 2003). This research will be based on a positivism type of paradigm. This is the school of contemplation, which advocates for reality and objectivity (Caulley, 2007). The purpose of a research based on positivism is to find causal liaison between variables through deductive reasoning to estimate probabilities and make predictions. The problem of shortage in supply of red meat in Ukrainian market is identified to be quite real and likewise demand real answers. The only framework, which can ensure the same, is positivism approach. Through objectivity, which is duly considered to be an indispensable component of positivism, valid answers can be derived from the research (Ellingson, 2007). If compared with other research philosophies and paradigms such as realism and interpretivism, positivism clearly offers the flexibility and the clarity of procedures based on which this particular type of research can be conducted efficiently.

Does God Exist Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Does God Exist - Essay Example However, many philosophers came up with their own proofs for the existence of God, some of which are outlined in this paper. Rene Descartes holds a special place in the history of philosophy since he is known as the father of modern philosophy. His own proof for the existence of God is given when he starts doubting everything including his own existence. However, since he is aware of his existence, he knows he actually exists which gives us the axiom â€Å"I think therefore I am†. He then gives further proofs for the existence of his senses and uses that to show that a benevolent God must be present which allows him to have faith in the reality around him (Wikipedia, 2006). In effect, the proof given by Descartes stems from the fact that his ability of reasoning means that a God must exist (Jones, 2003). In relation to Descartes, Immanuel Kant took a slightly different approach to come to his own rationale for the existence of God. Since his philosophy was focused on the moral principles of life, he uses that to show the necessity of God. His argument is that morality is a rational system which can only exist with a moral order within the world. This moral order can only be created and conceived if there is a God present to guide us therefore, the presence of God is necessary for us (Byrne, 2004). Kant also gave an additional proof for the existence of God based on his philosophy of morality by saying that it is rational as well as morally important for us to attain happiness which comes from being virtuous and whatever we ought to attain should be possible. However, attaining this happiness would only be possible if a natural order was maintained and that can only be maintained if God is responsible for it (Byrne, 2004). It is clear that both the arguments presented form their basis on a person agreeing with Kant’s own philosophy of ethics

Two or More Theories of the Formation of Romantic Relationships Essay Example for Free

Two or More Theories of the Formation of Romantic Relationships Essay One theory of the formation of a romantic relationship is one put forward by Byrne and Clore called the reward/need satisfaction model. They suggested that we have relationships long term because we find them rewarding, or we don’t like the prospect of being alone. The rewards from a partner can include friendship, love and sex, or the particular person is associated with pleasant situations so then we want to spend time with them and form a romantic relationship. This can also include the satisfaction from a relationship with a person of high social status, as it would make you look good to other people. These needs can differ from person to person as to what is important. Rusbolt and Van Lange argue that rewards are important as when you do not know someone well communication can start on a ‘tit-for-tat’ basis with favours that can lead to more conversation and rewards. This was called by Clark and Mills and ‘exchange relationship’ as a relationship like this goes on it can turn to a ‘Communal relationship’ where rewards are given as a result of concern for a partner which can be an important aspect of forming a close relationship. May and Hamilton tested the good association part of the theory by getting groups of female students to look at pictures of male students and say if they like the look of them or not. One group looked at the pictures while pleasant music was being played, another group looked while unpleasant music was being played and a control group looked with no music. As predicted the group with pleasant music rated the male students the highest. This model may be very culturally bound as all the studies done were in the western world’s individualistic cultures. In other cultures one partner may not expect rewards and may be entirely giving, or arranges marriages will also go against this theory as the long term is made to happen. It suggests that these relationships are likely to be formed where partners meet each other’s needs even though they have different views about when this becomes important. It is argued that long-term happy relationships have needs met while unhappy ones have unmet needs, this was said by Smith and Mackie Another theory is the Filter Model proposed by Kerchoff and Davis; they say that relationships develop through three ‘filters’. It starts with the ‘field of availables’ which are people available for a relationship where we then filter out different partners for different reasons, so it narrows down to a ‘field of desirables’ who are the people we consider as a potential partner. The first filter involves the social model where we choose people without being aware by where they live, work, have been educated or their social class. With individual characteristics not being important at this point. Then there is similarity of attitudes and values, where a partner’s beliefs and ideas come into effect. This is where communication is easier and the relationship can progress, however if beliefs and views are very different then the relationship may not move from its current position. The final filter is the emotional needs, which is whether the people fit as a couple and can meet each other’s needs. Kerchoff and Davis used their model to do a study on students who had been together for more than or less than 18 months. They were asked to complete questionnaires over 7 months on attitudes and personality of their partners compared to theirs; it was found that this was important in relationships up to around 18 months, whereas after this psychological compatibility and ability to meet each other’s needs becomes more important supporting the filter model. However questionnaires can have bias as participants may want to shows themselves in the best light thus skewing the results, also all the participants were students so age difference in relationships was not accounted for. The filter model emphasizes the importance of demographic factors and attitudes as ‘filters’ in the development of relationships. Sprecher found that couples matched in physical attractiveness, interests and social background were more likely to develop a relationship that is long-term. Found due to his longitudinal study of couples over 21 years and found similar education and age at the start of the relationship at the start were more likely to stay together. They also gained more similar attitudes as time went on. The filter theory is also very culturally biased as other cultures ways of choosing a mate may not have anything to do with the mentioned factors due to a collectivist nature of the culture or any other differences. There is also the problem that this model generalises to every couple where there will instead be many individual differences between choices of partners.

Beowulf Cheat Sheet Essays -- Epic of Beowulf Essays

1. Weapons serve as the tools that the soldiers must use > to do their job: killing beasts or men without getting > killed. As a artist may be fond of his paintbrush, the > soldiers greatly cherish their weapons. Often a weapon is > valued for its pedigree. The author often interrupts action > to delve into a weaponà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s previous owners and its history. > In the introduction, Burton Raffel states, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The important > tools, in this poem, are weapons: proven swords and helmets > are handed down from father to son, like the vital > treasures they were. Swords have personalities, and names: > à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (xi) > Beowulf uses Hrothgarà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s helmet and armor to protect > him from serpentsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ claws while he descends into the lake to > meet Grendelà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s mother. The helmet is said to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“ block all > battle swords, stop all blades from cutting at > himà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?(1451-53) However, the monster bites holes in it. > Grendelsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ mother is frustrated by the almost impenetrable > armor. She à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“tried to work her fingers through the tight > ring-woven mail on his breast, but tore and scratched in > vain.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (1503-05) > Hrunting is the sword that Unferth lends Beowulf for > the battle against Grendelà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s mother. Hrunting is a lucky > sword, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“No one whoà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢d worn it into battle, swung it in > dangerous places, daring and brave, had ever been > deserted-à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?(1459-1461) However, Hrunting is useless against > Grendelà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s mother, although no swords made by mortals would > have pierced the monsterà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s skin. It takes a sword à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“hammered > by giants, strong and blessed with their magicà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (1557-1559) > that Beowulf finds hanging on the wall to cut through the > monsterà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s neck. The monsterà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s blood melts the sword but > Beowulf brings the sword hilt to Hrothgar as a gift. > In the battle against the dragon Beowulf uses a sword > named Nagling. It first cracks against the tough dragon > skin and then breaks to pieces against the dragonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s head. > Once again, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“his weapon had failed him, deserted him, now > when he needed it mostà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. Although the iron shield is > somewhat effective against the dragonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s scalding breath, > throughout the poem Beowulf is little aided in battle by a > weapon. The author suggests that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“his hands were too > strong, the hardest blade could not help him, th... ...m hilde-deor > hearpan wynneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. In the translated edition Burton Raffel > uses a more subtle style, although alliteration can still > be easily found on every page. An example is the > description of Hrothgar playing a harp and how he à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“stroked > its silvery stringsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (2108) > Kenning is the use of figurative phrases instead of a > simple noun. Instead of just saying ship the author might > use à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“the ringed prowà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?, the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“sea-farerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?, or à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“the bent-necked > woodà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. The dragon is refered to as a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“twilight-spoilerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? and > à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“whale-roadà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? is an ocean. A king or important noble is > called a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“ring-giverà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? many times throughout the poem. > There are several similes is the poem. One example is > the description of Grendelà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s claws as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“nails as hard as > bright steelà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (985) Another simile poetically depicts the > Geats journey stating, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The ship foamed through the sea > like a birdà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (218). > An Epithet is an identifying repeating adjective used > to take the place of a personà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s name. The kenning term > ring-giver is an epithet. Patronymics, a specific type of > Epithet, is the naming of people in terms

Votes For Women c1900-28

Question 1 From Source A – a poster produced in 1912 by the Suffragettes – it can tell us one of the reasons why the Suffragettes were demanding the vote for women. On the top row, it shows women in highly educated, well paid jobs like a mayor or a nurse, while below it a row of â€Å"low-level† men such as a convict and a drunkard. Already here we see a stark contrast in their class. It shows us that women of such quality were not allowed to vote, while men of such low integrity were. A reason why women were not enfranchised was because people deemed them to be inferior and less intelligent to men. However, what this posters shows us is that women can be more educated, and better respected, yet still not get the vote, unlike the men who didn't accomplish anything good in life, yet still got the vote. Also, people criticised the Suffragettes with their violent methods – which failed, and accused of being crazy lunatics. What the poster also shows is that men could be lunatics, and still gain the votes, but why can't women do so to. Question 2 Source B is an extract from a book written in 1907 called â€Å"Woman or Suffragette†. Its main view is that women should not be voting, but in fact were â€Å"destined to make voters†. It disagrees with the whole movement, both the Suffragists and the Suffragettes. It also has a reference to the Suffragettes movement, with its â€Å"shrill cry†. Source C on the other hand is a cartoon drawn in 1906 by Bernard Partridge. It shows two campaigners, one – portrayed as a calm, sensible, upper-class woman – a Suffragist, and the other – shown as a crazy and violet woman – a Suffragette. It also shows the Suffragette brandishing her fist, showing her violence and the basis if the Suffragette's movement. The cartoon criticises the Suffragette movement, with its â€Å"shrieking sister†, and shows the Suffragist saying to the Suffragette â€Å"YOU help our cause? Why, you're its worst enemy!† There is also a reference here, like Source B, to the Suffragettes movement, referring to their â€Å"shrieking†. This shows us that the artist doesn't support the Suffragette's violent movement, but does support the Suffragist's peaceful movement. This tells me that Source C doesn't support Source B fully about the disagreement of the women's movement, but rather that the women's movement was acceptable when it took a more peaceful approach. Question 3 Despite the Suffragette campaign, women still had not gained the vote by the outbreak of the war. Source D – an extract of a book written by Emmeline Pankhurst in 1912 – shows us that because of the failure to have woman enfranchised, the Suffragettes wanted the matter to be more widely noticed by the public. Emmeline said that it succeeded in this because the â€Å"newspapers are full of us†. This is like a reason for why the Suffragettes were ‘allowed' to be violent. Source E on the other hand is a speech given by a Member of the Parliament just a year after Emmeline Pankhurst's book was written. It is opposing the idea of women gaining the vote, saying that it will â€Å"ultimately put the control of the government of this country into female hands†. This shows us that some members of Parliament opposed the idea of having women in Parliament. Already the sources show us two of the different reasons why women were not given the vote. Another is that the Prime Minister at the time – Herbert Asquith – also opposed women's rights to the vote. This would have influenced Parliament. Another reason is the public and their opinion. With the Suffragists before, and their peaceful campaign, it got them the vote in local elections. With the Suffragettes, they got people to be scared of them and threatened the welfare of the others. This I think is the most important reason. To be enfranchised, they needed the public's support, because without this, no-one would support their campaign. Question 4 Both Sources F and G are useful to find out the contribution of women to the war, both in different ways. Source F is an example of propaganda, made at the time by the government, to try and get women to work in munitions factories, and consequently in the war effort. What this poster doesn't tell us is the number of women who were working in the munitions factories, but rather that the government allowed women to help in the war effort. In fact, this poster could be telling us that women were vital to the war, and that without women, the war could not have been won. With the women working in factories and doing the jobs that the men did enabled the men to go to war and fight. Also, the poster, with the words â€Å"Enrol At Once† is suggesting that women should do just that. At the forefront of the poster shows a very healthy looking woman, looking like she enjoyed working in the factories. Most women at the time would be working in poor conditions, with little pay and so a poor standard of life. The woman contradicts this, and so makes women want to join up. Also, it shows us that the government wanted to persuade women to work at the factories, and so needed them to be participating in the war. There's however, no way to know if the poster succeeded or not. Source F, on the other hand, is a table of statistics, written in the 1980s. This could mean that the data could have been compiled after years of research. Furthermore, as it is published in a school text book, it would mean that it should be an unbiased piece of evidence, unlike the government poster. Although it is a secondary piece of evidence, you can still find out about the contribution to the war done by women, but not fully. The table only shows us the number of women employed in certain industries in 1914 and 1918. There s no other information telling us about before, during, or after the war. We cannot tell if the number of women working in industries fell or rose during these times. Also, this positive trend may not have happened across all the industries. It also doesn't show us the facts, but, when compared to the start of the war, there was a significant increase in women working in industries, and so the war effort. Overall, I think that Source G is more useful. It provides actual statistics, which enables you to make a conclusion about the amount women did contribute to the war. Source F is merely a poster designed to enrol women into munitions factories and shows the government's need for female contribution to the war effort. It doesn't give any indication about the number of women working in munitions factories, let alone the industries. Question 5 ‘It was the work that women did during the war during the war that earned them the vote'. Personally I do not agree with this statement. I feel that it is a multiple of reasons, not just the war, which enabled women to be enfranchised. One of the reasons was due to their war effort. In helping out in the war, they earned people's respect, both the public and politicians. Also, they should people that there were not crazy, violent women as they were seen before, but in fact sane people. Source H partially agrees with this, as it says that â€Å"†¦women workers received a warm welcome† but not

Examine The Advantages Some Sociologists May Finds When Using Participant Observation

Participant observation is where the researcher joins the group or community they are studying, the researcher will participate in the activities over a period of time, to do this, the researcher attempts to become accepted in order to collect more valid research and to try and see the world in the way the group does. There are two types of participant observation, Covert and Overt.Covert participant observation is where the researcher will take an undercover role in order to do research into the group they wish to study, there is normally a ‘gate keeper’ within this group that knows the researcher is there to do research, the gate keeper helps get them into the group to do this research. Overt participant observation is where the researcher takes a more open role; they openly ask the group if they will allow the researcher to study them.Interpretivists prefer participant observations as they argue that it’s the most effective way to understand the meanings people give on certain things, they also prefer it as there is a greater chance of developing their understanding further by verstehen. An advantage of covert participant observation could be that more valid research will be gained as they study is true to life when compared to overt research. With overt participant observation there can be a risk of less valid data due to the Hawthorne Effect; this is where the presence of the researcher can affect the way the participants behave.With both covert and overt participant observations rapports can be made which may lead to more valid data and data that is normally hard to reach as the group that the researcher is studying will begin to trust them. However, this can take time and can be less practical. An example of this is Eileen Barker’s study on the Unification Church, she studied the ‘Moonie’s’ over 7 years, gaining the trust of the participants, who soon saw her as a friend, thus enabling her to gain more valid and truthful research.By doing this, Barker gained verstehen meaning she could understand the feelings of the people she was studying, empathising with them; as a result she developed a further understanding of their way of life. Other practical issues with covert participant observation are that it can be hard to find a gate keeper to let the researcher into the group. Both covert and overt research are very time consuming and cost a lot, so the study must be worth the time of studying.Both covert and overt observations can be low in reliability as they are hard to replicate and get consistent results. Researchers may remember and interpret things differently thus reducing the reliability of the research even further. This tends to be more of a disadvantage with covert research as they are unable to write down everything the group being studied says as it will risk their cover and could ruin the research.With an overt role, this can be avoided as they are able to take notes in the open, and can use different types of methods such as interviews or questionnaires. Covert participant observation tends to be more unethical than overt participant observation as the researcher doesn’t ask the group for consent thus deceiving the group, the researcher may take part in illegal acts in order to maintain cover, an example of this is Patrick, he studied a gang in Glasgow over four months, during his time in the gang he was required to partake in burglaries to keep the trust of the gang.To prevent this, researchers may want to take more of an overt role, which means they have an honest and open role within the group, meaning there is no deception and they won’t have to take part in illegal acts. Positivists don’t like participant observation as it’s hard for them to gather quantitative data, so they aren’t able to generalise or see patterns or trends.

Einstain essays

Einstain essays Einstein was born in Ulm, Germany on Mar. 14, 1879. Einstein's parents, who were non observant Jews, moved from Ulm to Munich when Einstein was an infant. The family business was the manufacture of electrical parts. When the business failed, in 1894, the family moved to Milan, Italy. At this time Einstein decided officially to relinquish his German citizenship. Within a year, still without having completed secondary school, Einstein failed an examination that would have allowed him to take a course of study leading to a diploma as an electrical engineer at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology. He spent the next year in nearby Aarau at the continual secondary school, where he enjoyed excellent teachers. Einstein returned in 1896 to the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, where he graduated, in 1900 as a secondary school teacher of mathematics After two years he obtained a post at the Swiss patent office in Bern. The patent-office work required Einstein's careful attention, but while employed there he completed an astonishing range of publications in theoretical physics. For the most part these texts were written in his spare time and without the benefit of close contact with either the scientific literature or theoretician colleagues. Einstein took one of his scientific papers to the University of Zurich to obtain a Ph.D. degree in 1905. In 1908 he sent a second paper to the University of Bern and became a lecturer there. The next year Einstein received a regular appointment as associate professor of physics at the University of By 1909, Einstein was recognized throughout German-speaking Europe as a leading scientific thinker. In quick succession he held professorships at the German University of Prague and at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology. In 1914 he advanced to the best-paying post that a theoretical physicist could hold in central Europe, professor at the Kaiser-Wilhe...

Awakenings Project Essay Example for Free

Awakenings Project Essay The abuses at Bainbridge Hospital reflected a broken system at that time. Any person who was deemed untreatable was put into a â€Å"garden†- where people were treated like flowers that were simply â€Å"watered† and â€Å"fed† every day. The attitude of the people who worked at the institution was of people who had accepted the system’s failures as a way of life; they did not strive for change, they simply â€Å"went with the flow. † Dr. Sayer introduces a number of attitudes that can be seen in modern care facilities. For example, his unfailing persistence in not giving up on patients who he believed had a chance at life. These patients had been immobile for decades, with countless people telling him that they would never get better. By believing in their cognizance and their persistent awareness of their surroundings, Dr. Sayer creates the hospital environment of today, punctuated with the idea that all patients should have the chance to have the best chance in life. He never gave up hope. However, Dr. Sayer also faced many different obstacles in attempting to treat his patients. For example, he needed to first overcome the mockery of his fellow coworkers. The doctors and nurses who worked with him did not understand his desires to pursue what seemed like a meaningless waste of time. However, in doing so, he gave life back to people who would have otherwise been trapped forever, in a state of permanent limbo. Later, he also faced the crisis of dosage with his â€Å"patient zero†, Leonard. Would he cross the line and illegally dose Leonard without the consent of the pharmacist? In doing so, he achieved success. However, he had to do so by compromising the laws set by society. Moreover, he had to muster funding for the drug for all the patients that had been affected at the institution. He could have given up after the head of the hospital told him that it was simply too much money, but he persisted in his efforts and was rewarded with enough funding for every patient’s awakening. I agree with the approach Dr. Sayer took because he was a pioneer during his time. Could he have otherwise succeeded in the revival of the patients that had been afflicted with the mysterious illness? His practices, although at times showing his own sense of morality and disregard for the accepted, would later become what is widely believed to be the basis of hospitals today. He took an interest in finding out the truth and never stopped believing. Awakenings Project. (2016, Oct 05).

Coprorate Ethics Issues in PSEG and Boeing Essay

Coprorate Ethics Issues in PSEG and Boeing - Essay Example These corporate laws are set by the government and companies but its implementation lies squarely with the employees. According to Nayar (2009), companies must develop trust as it is an essential component which makes customers and shareholders believe in the management. In this paper, I analyse two companies to establish if they have regulations that define their relationships with employees, clients, its suppliers, shareholders and other companies. Public Service Enterprise Group (PSEG) This is a company with its headquarters in Parsippany, New Jersey. It is an energy generating company formed in 1903 by merging services of 400 independently owned fuel and electric supply companies. This was done out of the need to enhance service delivery to the locals through a centrally governed public company. Under the leadership of its Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Ralph Izzo, the company drafted a strategic document, â€Å"Be an ethics champion†. This document outlines the lev els of integrity that is expected of company employees, it also stresses the need for these workers to internalize these guidelines to create a unified positive image. This was very necessary since it is publicly owned and requires public trust to effectively execute their functions. It also operates a unique business model as it has subsidiary companies which it has to maintain favourable relationships with (Hansen, 2000). In this document, they highlight internal principles which the company adheres to: to promote accountability, the company submits periodic statements of accounts to the shareholders and Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) who peruse them to establish the company’s financial position. This enhances transparency since the authorities scrutinize these books to see if the company engages in unfair trade practices. To promote harmony with company neighbours, it strives to maintain full compliance with environmental regulations which apply within its locati on. Since PSEG deals in dangerous substances which have adverse environmental effects when mishandled, the company has established efficient safety procedures that ensures employees and close neighbours are exposed to minimal risks in case of a disaster at the plant. During company gatherings for instance, the annual general meeting (AGM), the company management engages the shareholders in talks which address these environmental concerns. This stakeholder involvement ensures that the adopted plan gets input from the entire community; the employees, stockholders and clients then feel they have ownership to PSEG by contributing to decision making (Hansen, 2000). PSEG is a company operating in 5 continents; to maintain good ethical practices in countries with inadequate laws protecting integrity at the workplace is very difficult. The company is thus exposed to numerous unethical practices, especially in countries with weak graft laws. In countries with young democracies or authoritari an rule, there are cases of governments demanding high start up cost prior to setting up of an outlet. This partly or wholly goes to private hands in covert business operations. Due to employee racial diversity, the company is faced with personal cases of racial prejudice; the management has the ethical control unit that solves these differences and issue disciplinary actions where appropriate. Lastly, the company encourages employees to be company